1. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD-MBD Work Group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD). Kidney Int 76(Suppl 113):2009;S1–S130.
2. Holick M.F.. Vitamin D deficiency.
N Engl J Med 357:2007;266–281.
3. Veldman C.M., Cantorna M.T., DeLuca H.F.. Expression of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) receptor in the immune system.
Arch Biochem Biophys 374:2000;334–338.
4. Holick M.F.. Vitamin D: importance in the prevention of cancers, type 1 diabetes, heart disease, and osteoporosis.
Am J Clin Nutr 79:2004;362–371.
5. Agarwal R., Acharya M., Tian J., Hippensteel R.L., Melnick J.Z., Qiu P., Williams L., Batlle D.. Antiproteinuric effect of oral paricalcitol in chronic kidney disease.
Kidney Int 68:2005;2823–2828.
6. Zittermann A., Koerfer R.. Protective and toxic effects of vitamin D on vascular calcification: clinical implications.
Mol Aspects Med 29:2008;423–432.
7. Pilz S., Marz W., Wellnitz B., Seelhorst U., Fahrleitner-Pammer A., Dimai H.P., Boehm B.O., Dobnig H.. Association of vitamin D deficiency with heart failure and sudden cardiac death in a large cross-sectional study of patients referred for coronary angiography.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93:2008;3927–3935.
8. Kovesdy C.P., Ahmadzadeh S., Anderson J.E., Kalantar-Zadeh K.. Association of activated vitamin D treatment and mortality in chronic kidney disease.
Arch Intern Med 168:2008;397–403.
9. Wolf M., Shah A., Gutierrez O., Ankers E., Monroy M., Tamez H., Steele D., Chang Y., Camargo C.A. Jr., Tonelli M., Thadhani R.. Vitamin D levels and early mortality among incident hemodialysis patients.
Kidney Int 72:2007;1004–1013.
10. Duranton F., Rodriguez-Ortiz M.E., Duny Y., Rodriguez M., Daurès J.P., Argilés A.. Vitamin D treatment and mortality in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Am J Nephrol 37:2013;239–248.
11. Melamed M.L., Michos E.D., Post W., Astor B.. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels and the risk of mortality in the general population.
Arch Intern Med 168:2008;1629–1637.
12. Schottker B., Jorde R., Peasey A., Thorand B., Jansen E.H., Groot L., Steppel M., Gardiner J., Ordóñez-Mena J.M., Perna L., Wilsgaard T., Rathmann W., Feskens E., Kampman E., Signos G., Njølstad , Mathiesen E.B., Kubínová R., Pająk A., Topor-Madry R., Tamosiunas A., Hughes M., Kee F., Bobak M., Trichopoulou A., Boffetta P., Brenner H.; Consortium on Health and Ageing: Network of Cohorts in Europe and the United States. Vitamin D and mortality: meta-analysis of individual participant data from a large consortium of cohort studies from Europe and the United States.
BMJ 348:2014;g3656.
13. Teng M., Wolf M., Ofsthun M.N., Lazarus J.M., Hernán M.A., Camargo C.A. Jr., Thadhani R.. Activated injectable vitamin D and hemodialysis survival: a historical cohort study. J Am Soc Nephrol 16:2005;1115–1125.
14. Tsujimoto Y., Tahara H., Shoji T., Emoto M., Koyama H., Ishimura E., Tabata T., Nishizawa Y., Inaba M.. Active vitamin D and acute respiratory infections in dialysis patients.
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 6:2011;1361–1367.
15. Chonchol M., Greene T., Zhang Y., Hoofnagle A.N., Cheung A.K.. Low vitamin D and high fibroblast growth factor 23 serum levels associate with infectious and cardiac deaths in the HEMO study.
J Am Soc Nephrol 27:2016;227–237.
16. Wang T.J., Pencina M.J., Booth S.L., Jacques P.F., Ingelsson E., Lanier K., Benjamin E.J., D'Agostino R.B., Wolf M., Vasan R.S.. Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular disease.
Circulation 117:2008;503–511.
17. St Peter W.L., Khan S.S., Ebben J.P., Pereira B.J., Collins A.J.. Chronic kidney disease: the distribution of health care dollars.
Kidney Int 66:2004;313–321.
18. Lee S.Y., Kim H.Y., Gu S.W., Kim H.J., Yang D.H.. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels and vascular calcification in predialysis and dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease.
Kidney Blood Pressure Res 35:2012;349–354.
19. Barreto D.V., Barreto F.C., Liabeuf S., Temmar M., Boitte F., Choukroun G., Fournier A., Massy Z.A.. Vitamin D affects survival independently of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease.
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 4:2009;1128–1135.
20. Ravani P., Malberti F., Tripepi G., Pecchini P., Cutrupi S., Pizzini P., Mallamaci F., Zoccali C.. Vitamin D levels and patient outcome in chronic kidney disease.
Kidney Int 75:2009;88–95.
21. National Kidney Foundation . K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for bone metabolism and disease in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 42(Suppl 3):2003;S1–S201.
22. National Kidney Foundation . K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis 39(Suppl 1):2002;S1–S266.
23. Andrade J., Er L., Ignaszewski A., Levin A.. Exploration of association of 1,25-OH2D3 with augmentation index, a composite measure of arterial stiffness.
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 3:2008;1800–1806.
24. Collins A.J., Foley R.N., Herzog C., Chavers B., Gilbertson D., Herzog C., Ishani A., Johansen K., Kasiske B., Kutner N., Liu J., St Peter W., Ding S., Guo H., Kats A., Lamb K., Li S., Li S., Roberts T., Skeans M., Snyder J., Solid C., Thompson B., Weinhandl E., Xiong H., Yusuf A., Zaun D., Arko C., Chen S.C., Daniels F., Ebben J., Frazier E., Hanzlik C., Johnson R., Sheets D., Wang X., Forrest B., Constantini E., Everson S., Eggers P., Agodoa L.. US renal data system 2012 annual data report.
Am J Kidney Dis 61(Suppl 1):2013 A7, e1–e476,
doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2012.11.031.
25. Jin D.C.. Dialysis registries in the world: Korean Dialysis Registry. Kidney Int Suppl 5:2015;8–11.
26. Perwad F., Azam N., Zhang M.Y., Yamashita T., Tenenhouse H.S., Portale A.A.. Dietary and serum phosphorus regulate fibroblast growth factor 23 expression and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D metabolism in mice. Endocrinology 146:2005;5358–5364.
27. Dusso A.S.. Kidney disease and vitamin D levels: 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and VDR activation.
Kidney Int Suppl 1:2011;136–141.
28. Liu W., Yu W.R., Carling T., Juhlin C., Rastad J., Ridefelt P., Akerström G., Hellman P.. Regulation of gp330/megalin expression by vitamins A and D. Eur J Clin Invest 28:1998;100–107.
29. Adams J.S., Hewison M.. Update in vitamin D. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95:2010;471–478.
30. Ke L., Mason R.S., Kariuki M., Mpofu E., Brock K.E.. Vitamin D status and hypertension: a review. Integr Blood Press Control 8:2015;13–35.
31. Adams J.S., Hewison M.. Unexpected actions of vitamin D: new perspectives on the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 4:2008;80–90.
32. Lucisano S., Di Mauro E., Montalto G., Cernaro V., Buemi M., Santoro D.. Vitamin D and anemia. J Ren Nutr 24:2014;61–62.
33. Ginde A.A., Mansbach J.M., Camargo C.A. Jr.. Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and upper respiratory tract infection in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arch Intern Med 169:2009;384–390.
34. Liu N., Kaplan A.T., Low J., Nguyen L., Liu G.Y., Equils O., Hewison M.. Vitamin D induces innate antibacterial responses in human trophoblasts via an intracrine pathway. Biol Reprod 80:2009;398–406.
35. Liu N., Nguyen L., Chun R.F., Lagishetty V., Ren S., Wu S., Hollis B., DeLuca H.F., Adams J.S., Hewison M.. Altered endocrine and autocrine metabolism of vitamin D in a mouse model of gastrointestinal inflammation. Endocrinology 149:2008;4799–4808.
36. Schauber J., Oda Y., Buchau A.S., Yun Q.C., Steinmeyer A., Zugel U., Bikle D.D., Gallo R.L.. Histone acetylation in keratinocytes enables control of the expression of cathelicidin and CD14 by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Invest Dermatol 128:2008;816–824.
37. Kim D.H., Sabour S., Sagar U.N., Adams S., Whellan D.J.. Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in cardiovascular diseases (from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001 to 2004). Am J Cardiol 102:2008;1540–1544.
38. London G.M., Guerin A.P., Verbeke F.H., Pannier B., Boutouyrie P., Marchais S.J., Mëtivier F.. Mineral metabolism and arterial functions in end-stage renal disease: potential role of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency. J Am Soc Nephrol 18:2007;613–620.
39. Ruiz-Ortega M., Lorenzo O., Ruperez M., Esteban V., Suzuki Y., Mezzano S., Plaza J.J., Egido J.. Role of the renin-angiotensin system in vascular diseases: expanding the field. Hypertension 38:2001;1382–1387.
40. Dobnig H., Pilz S., Scharnagl H., Renner W., Seelhorst U., Wellnitz B., Kinkeldei J., Boehm B.O., Weihrauch G., Maerz W.. Independent association of low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d levels with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Arch Intern Med 168:2008;1340–1349.